[Rhodes22-list] Politics: How's It Going?
Bill Effros
bill at effros.com
Mon Jun 5 15:06:32 EDT 2006
Dave,
Following is the plan for Japan, made public before the start of the
Occupation. We imposed a constitution on the Japanese in 1946:
INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER
We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the
Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters,
hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by
the heads of the Governments of the United States, China, and Great
Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by
the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub- lics, which four powers are
hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.
We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers
of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese
armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control
wherever situated.
We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the
Japanese people to cease hostilites forthwith, to preserve and save
from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and
to comply with all requirements which my be imposed by the Supreme
Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese
Government at his direction.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue at
once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces
under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender un-
conditionally themselves and all forces under their control.
We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey
and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed by
the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to ef-
fectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and
we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to
continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically
relieved by him or under his authority.
We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and
their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam
Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take
whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Poers or by any other designated representative of the Allied
Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese
Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all allied
prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control
and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate
transportation to places as directed.
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the
state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the Allied
Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to ef- fectuate
these terms of surrender.
Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0904 I on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945.
MAMORU SHIGMITSU
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese
Government
YOSHIJIRO UMEZU
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters
Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0903 I on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER,
1945, for the United States, Republic of China, United Kingdom and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the other
United Nations at war with Japan.
DOUGLAS MAC ARTHUR,
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
C.W. NIMITZ,
United States Representative
HSU YUNG-CH'ANG,
Republic of China Representative
BRUCE FRASER,
United Kingdom Representative
KUZMA DEREVYANKO,
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Representative
THOMAS BLAMEY,
Commonwealth of Australia Representative
L. MOORE COSGRAVE,
Dominion of Canada Representative
JACQUES LE CLERC,
Provisional Government of the French Republic Representative
C.E.L. HELFRICH,
Kingdom of the Netherlands Representative
LEONARD M. ISITT,
Dominion of New Zealand Representative
---------------------------------------
Translation of Emperor Hirohito's Receipt of the Surrender documents
PROCLAMATION
Accepting the terms set forth in the Declaration issued by the heads of
the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, and China on July
26th, 1945 at Potsdam and subse- quently adhered to by the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics, We have commanded the Japanese Imperial
Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to sign on Our
behalf the Instrument of Surrender presented by the Supreme Commander
for the Allied Powers and to issue General Orders to the Military and
Naval Forces in accordance with the direction of the Supreme Commander
for the Allied Powers. We command all Our people forthwith to cease
hostilities, to lay down their arms and faithfully to carry out all the
provisions of Instrument of Surrender and the General Orders issued by
the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters hereunder.
This second day of the ninth month of the twentieth year of Syowa. Seal
of the Empire
Signed: H I R O H I T O
Countersigned:
Naruhiko-o, Prime Minister
Mamoru Shigemitsu, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Iwao Yamazaki, Minister of Home Affairs
Juichi Tsushima, Minister of Finance
Sadamu Shimomura, Minister of War
Mitsumasa Yonai, Minister of Navy
Chuzo Iwata, Minister of Justice
Tamon Maeda, Minister of Education
Kenzo Matsumura, Minister of Welfare
Kotaro Sengoku, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
Chikuhei Nakajima, Minister of Commerce and Industry
Naoto Kobiyama, Minister of Transportation
Fumimaro Konoe, Minister without Portfolio
Taketora Ogata, Minister without Portfolio
Binshiro Obata, Minister without Portfolio
---------------------------------------
INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER
of the Japanese and Japanese-Controlled Armed Forces in the Philippine
Islands to the Commanding General United States Army Forces, Western Pacific
Camp John Hay
Baguio, Mountain Province,
Luzon, Philippine, Islands
3 September, 1945
Pursuant to and in accordance with the proclamation of the Emperor
of Japan accepting the terms set forth in the declaration issued by
the heads of the Governments of the United States, Great Britain,
and China on 26 July 1945; at Potsdam and sub- sequently adhered to
by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; and to the formal
instrument of surrender of the Japanese Imperial Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters signed at Toyko Bay at 0908
on 2 September 1945:
1. Acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the
Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters, We hereby surrender unconditionally to the
Commanding General, United States Army Forces, Western Pacific,
all Japanese and Japanese-controlled armed forces, air, sea,
ground and auxiliary, in the Philippine Islands.
2. We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated in the
Philippine Islands to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and
save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil
property, and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed
by the Commanding General, United States Army Forces, Western
Pacific, or his authorized representatives.
3. We hereby direct the commanders of all Japanese forces in the
Philippine Islands to issue at once to all forces under their
command to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces
under their control, as prisoners of war, to the nearest United
States Force Commander.
4. We hereby direct the commanders of all Japanese forces in the
Philippine Islands to surrender intact and in good order to the
nearest United States Army Force Commander, at times and at places
directed by him, all equipment and supplies of whatever nature
under their control.
5. We hereby direct the commanders of all Japanese forces in the
Philippine Islands at once to liberate all Allied prisoners of war
and civilian internees under their control, and to provide for
their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation
to places as directed by the nearest United States Army Force
Commander.
6. We hereby undertake to transmit the directives given in Paragraphs
1 through 5, above, to all Japanese forces in the Philip- pine
Islands immediatlely by all means within our power, and further to
furnish to the Commanding General, United States Army Forces,
Western Pacific, all necessary Japanese emissaries fully empowered
to bring about the surrender of Japanese forces in the Philippine
Islands with whom we are not in contact.
7. We hereby undertake to furnish immediatly to the Commanding
General, United States Army Forces, Western Pacific, a statement
of the designation, numbers, loacations, and commanders of all
Japanese armed forces, ground, sea, or air, in the Philippine Islands.
8. We hereby undertake faithfully to obey all further pro- clamation,
orders and directives deemed by the Commanding General, United
States Armed Forces, Western Pacific, to be proper to ef- fecuate
this surrender.
Signed at Camp John Hay, Baguio, Mountain Province, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, at 1210 hours 3 September 1945:
TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA, General,
Imperial Japanese Army Highest Commander, Imperial Japanese Army in the
Philippines.
DENHICI OKOCHI, Vice Admiral,
Imperial Japanese Navy Highest Commander, Imperial Japanese Navy in the
Philippines.
By command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters
Accepted at Camp John Hay, Baguio, Mountain Province Luzon Philippine
Islands, at 1210 hours 3 September 1945:
For the Commander-in-Chief, United States Army Forces, Pacific:
EDMOND H. LEAVY, Major General,
USA Deputy Commander, United States Army Forces, Western Pacific.
---------------------------------------
UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN KOREA
HEADQUARTERS XXIV CORPS
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL APO 235 c/o POSTMASTER SAN FRANSICO,
CALIFORNIA
FORMAL SURRENDER BY THE SENIOR JAPANESE GROUND, SEA, AIR AND AUXILIARY
FORCES COMMANDS WITHIN KOREA SOUTH OF 38 NORTH LATITUDE TO THE COM-
MANDING GENERAL, UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN KOREA, FOR AND IN BEHALF
OF THE COMMANDER-IN- CHIEF UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES, PAFIFIC
WHEREAS an Instrument of Surrender was on the 2d day of September
1945 by command of and behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese
Government and the Japanese Imperial Head- quarters signed by
Foreign Minister Mamouru Shigemitsu by com- mand and in behalf of
the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and by Yoshijiro Umezu
by command of and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial Headquaters and
WHEREAS the terms of the Instrument of Surrender were subsequently
as follows:
1. We, acting by command of an in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the
Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the
declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United
States, China, and Great Britian on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and
subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied
Powers.
2. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied
Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all
Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese
control wherever situated.
3. We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the
Japanese people to cease hostilites forthwith, to preserve and
save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil
property and to comply with all requirements which my be imposed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of
the Japanese Government at his direction.
4. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue at
once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all
forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender
unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.
5. We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey
and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed by
the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to ef-
fectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority
and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to
continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically
relieved by him or under his authority.
6. We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and
their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam
Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take
whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the
Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
7. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all
allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese
control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and
immediate transportation to places as directed.
8. The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule
the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the Allied
Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to ef- fectuate
these terms of surrender.
WHEREAS the terms of surrender were, on the 2d day of September 1945
as given by the United States, the Republic of China, the United
Kingdom, the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics and other allied
powers, accepted by the Imperial Japanese Government, and
WHEREAS on the 2d day of September 1945 the Imperial General
Headquarters by direction of the Emperor has ordered all its
commanders in Japan and abroad to cause the Japanese Armed Forces
and Japanese controlled forces under their command to cease
hostilities at once, to lay down their arms and remain in their
present locations and to surrender unconditionally to commanders
acting in behalf of the United States, the Republic of China, the
United Kingdom, the British Empire and the Union of Socialist Rep-
ublics, and
WHEREAS the Imperial General Headquarters, its senior commanders and
all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands of
Japan, minor islands adjacent thereto, Korea south of 38 north
latitude and the Philippines were directed to surrender to the
Commmander-in-Chief of the United States Army Forces, Pacific and
WHEREAS the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army Forces,
Pacific has appointed the Commanding General, XXIV Corps as the
Command General, United States Army Forces in Korea, and has
directed him as such to act for the Commander- in-Chief United
States Army Forces, Pacific in the reception of the surrender of the
senior Japanese commanders of all Japanese ground, sea, air and
auxiliary forces in Korea south of 38 north latitude and all islands
adjacent thereto. Now therefore
We, the undersigned, senior Japanese commanders of all Japanese
ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in Korea south of 38 north
latitude, do hereby acknowledge:
1. That we have been duly advised and fully informed of the contents
of the Proclamation by the Emperor of Japan, the Instrument of
Surrender and the orders herein above referred to.
2. That we accept our duties and obligations under said instruments
and orders and recognize the necessity for our strict compliance
therewith and adherence thereto.
3. The the Commanding General, United States Army Forces in Korea, is
the duly authorized representative of the Com- mander-in-Chief
United States Army Forces, Pacific and that we will completely and
immediately carry out and put into ef- fect his instructions.
Finally, we do hereby formally and unconditionally sur- render to
the Commanding General, United States Army Forces in Korea, all
persons in Korea south of 38 degrees North Latitude who are in the
Armed Forces of Japan, and all military installations, ordnance,
ships, aircraft, and other military equipment or property of every
kind or description in Korea, including all islands adjacent
thereto, south of 38 degrees North Latitude over which we exercise
jurisdiction or control.
In case of conflict or ambiguity between the English text of this
document and any translation thereof, the English shall prevail.
Signed at SEOUL, KOREA at 1630 hours on the 9th day of September 1945.
YOSHIO SOZUKI, Senior Japanese commander of all Japanese ground and air
forces in Korea south of 38 north latitude.
GISABURO YAMAGUCHI, Senior Japanese commander of all Japanese naval
forces in Korea south of 38 north latitude.
I, Nobuyuki Abe, the duly appointed, qualified and acting Governor
General of KOREA do hereby certify that I have read and fully understand
the contents of the foregoing Instrument of Surrender, and of all
documents referred to therein.
I hereby acknowledge the duties and obligations imposed upon me by said
documents, insofar as they apply to all matters within my jurisdiction
or control as Governor General of Korea, and recognize the necessity of
my strict compliance therewith and adherence thereto.
In particular do I reconize that the Commanding General, UNITED STATES
ARMY FORCES IN KOREA, is the duly authorized representative of the
Commander-in-Chief, UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES, PACIFIC, and that I am
completely and immediately to carry out and put into effect his
instructions.
Signed at SEOUL, KOREA, at 1630 hours on the 9th day of September 1945.
NOBUYUKI ABE (Governor General of KOREA)
Accepted at SEOUL, KOREA, at 1630 hours on the 9th day of September 1945
for and in behalf of the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army
Forces, Pacific.
JOHN R. HODGE
JOHN R. HODGE, Lieutenant General, U.S. Army
Commanding General, United States Army Forces in Korea
THOMAS C. KINCAID
T. C. KINCAID, Admiral, U. S. Navy
Representative of the United States Navy
---------------------------------------
SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER, SOUTH EAST ASIA
THE INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER OF JAPANESE FORCES UNDER THE COMMAND OR
CONTROL OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER, JAPANESE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES,
SOUTHERN REGIONS, WITHIN THE OPERATIONAL THEATRE OF THE SUPREME ALLIED
COMMANDER, SOUTH EAST ASIA
1. In pursuance of and in compliance with:
1. the Instrument of Surrender signed by the Japanese
plenipotentiaries by command and on behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial
General Headquarters at Toyko on 2 September, 1945;
2. General Order No. 1, promulgated at the same place and on
the same date;
3. the Local Agreement made by the Supreme Commander, Japanese
Expeditionary Forces, Southern Regions, with the Supreme
Allied Commander, South East Asia at Rangoon on 27 August, 1945;
to all of which Instrument of Surrender, General Order and Local
Agreement this present Instrument is complementary and which it in
no way supersedes, the Supreme Commander, Japanese Expeditionary
Forces, Southern Regions (Field Marshall Count Terauchi) does
hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Allied Commander,
South East Asia (Admiral The Lord Louis Mountbatten) himself and
all Japanese sea, ground, air and auxiliary forces under his
command or control and within the operational theatre of the
Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia.
2. The Supreme Commander, Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern
Regions, undertakes to ensure that all orders and instructions
that may be issued from time to time by the Supreme Allied
Commander, South East Asia, or by any of his subordinate Naval,
Military, or Air-Force Commanders of whatever rank acting in his
name, are scrupulously and promptly obeyed by all Japanese sea,
ground, air and auxiliary forces under the command or control of
the Supreme Commander, Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern
Regions, and within the operational theatre of the Supreme Allied
Commander, South East Asia.
3. Any disobediance of, or delay or failure to comply with, orders or
instructions issued by the Supreme Allied Commander, South East
Asia, or issued on his behalf by any of his subordinate Naval,
Military, or Air Force Commanders of whatever rank, and any action
which the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, or his
subordinate Commanders action on his behalf, may determine to be
detrimental to the Allied Powers, will be dealt with as the
Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia may decide.
4. This Instrument takes effect from the time and date of signing.
5. This Instrument is drawn up in the English Language, which is the
only authentic version. In any case of doubt to intention or
meaning, the decision of the Supreme Allied Commander, South East
Asia is final. It is the responsibility of the Supreme Commander,
Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern Regions, to make such
translations into Japanese as he may require.
Signed at Singapore at 0341 hours (G.M.T.) on 12 September, 1945.
SEISHIRO ITAGAKI
(for) SUPREME COMMANDER
JAPANESE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES,
SOUTHERN REGIONS
LOUIS MOUNTBATTAN
SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER
SOUTH EAST ASIA
Bill Effros
(Not a signatory if you got this far.)
DCLewis1 at aol.com wrote:
> Herb,
>
> To be explicit what you asked for was (copied from your initial post)
> “I keep hearing about "the plan" and "the timetable". I'd love for someone,
> ANYONE, to show me a plan and/or a timetable that was released to the general
> public, say 6 months prior to the end of WWII that bore even a close
> resemblance to the final outcome of that war.”
>
> My come back was that a plan was developed at Yalta that fit your request,
> and also the occupation plan for Japan fit your request. Both plans bore a
> close resemblance to the final outcomes of the respective wars.
>
> Your comeback was Yalta was not a plan, it was a plan to divy spoils.
>
> My response was to outline the flow down from the Yalta accords that
> actually evolved into tangible campaign and occupation plans that were dutifully and
> successfully executed by the armies of the allied nations. The Yalta
> accords were done at a geopolitical level, the military execution plans to support
> those accords were done by a lot of dedicated staff people figuring out what
> was needed where, how much of what, numbers of people involved, training
> needed, etc, etc. Things tangibly lacking in Iraq - as Murtha points out, 3
> years after the fact they don’t even have electric power full time.
>
> Additionally, I cited the example of the occupation plan for Japan, although
> I doubt that plan was released to the public prior to its execution. The
> Japanese occupation was organized and executed with full cognizance of the
> difficulty of occupying and managing a very militaristic culture that was
> devoted to their emperor - somebody on our side actually thought through the
> occupation problem. In retrospect it was a brilliant plan. I’m confident the plan
> was organized well before Japan’s capitulation; it was executed, and it
> worked..
>
> Two examples from WWII, Germany & Japan, where prior thinking about the
> occupation problem paid off big time. And in each case, at the end, the outcome
> was as planned. I think I responded to the request in your initial post.
>
> IMO, the contrast between Germany and Japan and the situation in Iraq couldn’
> t be more stark. Back then they thought it through.
>
> I rest my case.
>
> Dave
>
>
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